a-Amylase inhibitory activity of (E)- N' -(3-(4-bromophenyl)acryloyl)isonicotinohydrazide

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition with high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia), which can have adverse effects on several organ systems. Commercial DM medications are used as therapy for people with DM type II; however, they have side effects that were attributed to high inhibitory effects on a-amylase enzymes. Therefore, new compounds with strong a-glucosidase inhibition and low a-amylase inhibition need to be developed. Cinnamic acid derivatives such as cinnamamides have been shown to possess a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Bioactive molecules containing a hydrazide moiety, such as isoniazid (INH), are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological activity. Herewith we report the synthesis of a new cinnamamide as a hybridization of trans-cinnamate and INH molecules, namely (E)-N'-(3-(4-bromophenyl)acryloyl)isonicotinohydrazide (5), and its inhibitory activity against a-amylase enzyme. The synthesis of this compound was carried out by the Shiina method, and a yield of 59% was obtained. Cinnamamide 5 has weak a-amylase inhibitory activity than acarbose with IC50 values of 109.8 and 6.37 µM, respectively.