A Systematic Evaluation Framework for Business Process Reengineering Tools in Local Government: A Literature-Based Analysis

To meet the growing demand for efficient, accountable, and sustainable public services, local governments are increasingly adopting Business Process Reengineering (BPR) to redesign their administrative workflows. The success of BPR initiatives largely depends on selecting appropriate evaluation tools that align with institutional needs across different implementation phases. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of Scopus-indexed articles published between 2020 and 2025 to identify and classify evaluation tools relevant to BPR in local government settings. Four key tools are examined: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the Technology-Organization-Environment-People-Process (TOEPP) framework, Lean Six Sigma (LSS), and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on this review, we propose a phased decision-support framework: TOEPP is used for assessing organizational readiness before implementation; SEM is applied during implementation to validate causal relationships and predict success; and LSS and AHP are used after implementation for performance improvement and strategic prioritization. This integrated framework supports data-driven decision-making and promotes continuous improvement in local government reform initiatives.