Absorption electromagnetic waves in x-band range using barium m-hexaferrite dopping zn ions and polyaniline conductive with variation of thickness coating

Since the discovery of hexagonal ferrite or known as hexaferrites, research into the development of these materials related to commercial fields and technology has been very rapidly conducted. The use of hexaferite as a magnetic material that can be mass produced has a wide application fields. Therefore, the magnetic properties of hexaferrites should be adjusted to meet these applications requirements. In this respect, cation substitution is one of the most effective ways to obtain a suitable material. Double layer coating design with variations in thickness of 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm on Radar Absorbent Material (RAM), with Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) BaFe12-xZn xO19 as magnetic material with doping concentration variations of Zn²⁺ ions x = 0, 0.3 and 0.9 have been successfully synthesized by using solid state reaction method. Likewise with Polyaniline (PANi) with Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (DBSA) dopant as a conductive material, it has been successfully synthesized by using polymerization method. RAM were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Four Point Probes (FPP), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results of XRD showed that the largest primary phase of 96.56% was obtained at BaM x= 0.9. The increase of dopping concentration of Zn²⁺ ions influenced the decrease of the magnetic dipole of magnetic materials and therefore the magnetic properties become softmagnet material. The variations of coating thickness radar absorbing materials affect absorption of electromagnetic waves optimally. The increase of thickness coating caused the increase of value of reflection loss and the widening of the absorption band of the X-Band range (8-12 GHz). The highest reflection loss and widening of the absorption band value was obtained from coating BaM x = 0.9 with a thickness of 4 mm, which are 16.29 dB, and 3.78 GHz, respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of the doping concentration of Zn²⁺ ions and the dimensions of the layer thickness can increase the absorption ability of RAM material.