Analysis and Optimization of Carbon Reduction Measures in the Oil and Gas Sector: Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Carbon Mitigation

Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement in 2016, committing to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and addressing climate change. The primary contributors to global warming are the increasing concentrations of GHGs, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). In alignment with the Net Zero Emissions 2060 target and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, PT X has implemented environmentally impactful programs to support governmental efforts in mitigating the climate crisis. This study evaluates alternative carbon mitigation strategies using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), incorporating environmental, economic, and stakeholder considerations to guide decision-making. The results indicate that environmental criteria have the highest weight (0.61), followed by economic (0.20) and stakeholder criteria (0.19), highlighting the dominance of environmental factors. The analysis identifies the Piston Modification Program and Diesel Engine to Gas Engine Replacement Program as the most feasible short-term strategies, while the Carbon Capture and Storage program is recommended as a long-term investment for substantial emission reductions and economic benefits. This study underscores the importance of integrating structured decision-making approaches to enhance carbon mitigation efforts effectively.