Analysis of Low-Level Wind Shear (LLWS) Triggers Using Radar and LIDAR Data at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport: Case Studies of 30 January and 20 February 2023

Low-Level Wind Shear (LLWS) is an atmospheric phenomenon that poses significant risks to flight safety, particularly during take-off and landing phases. This study aims to analyze the triggering factors of LLWS at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport based on two events detected by LIDAR on 30 January and 20 February 2023. The data used includes LIDAR observations and weather radar products (CMAX and PPI), which were analyzed both spatially and temporally. The results show that both LLWS events occurred at night under dry atmospheric conditions, indicating the absence of convective activity. LIDAR-based analysis revealed the presence of atmospheric waves in the form of trapped lee waves and significant contributions from the Land Breeze Front (LBF). Observations on 30 January highlighted the structure of trapped lee waves with wave oscillation modes. The event on 20 February exhibited a complex zig-zag spatial pattern, suggesting the involvement of multi-mode wave oscillations and turbulent microstructures induced by LBF. These findings emphasize the importance of utilizing LIDAR for early LLWS detection in complex tropical coastal environments.