Analysis of the Impact of Renewable Energy Penetration on Power Quality in Buton Island

The Indonesian archipelago still relies on conventional power plants. Buton Island has significant wind energy potential. Rongi Village, located in South Buton Regency, is considered an optimal location with suitable wind speeds. The Indonesian government's target to achieve a renewable energy mix by 2050 has driven this research to investigate the impact of wind turbine penetration on the quality of electrical power in the Buton Island distribution system. Wind turbine penetration in the distribution system can affect power quality and system stability. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the impact of wind turbine penetration on power quality and system stability in the distribution system. Power flow and transient simulations will be conducted to assess performance under steady-state and dynamic conditions, using ETAP software to assist with the modeling and simulation of the Buton Island distribution system. The wind turbine penetration scheme involves the use of 15 wind turbine units, each with a capacity of 2.1 MW at constant wind speeds. The research findings indicate that the increased power supply from wind turbines in the system leads to a decrease in the power factor and voltage at several buses, as well as an increase in power losses in the lines. The overall transient analysis shows that the system experiences voltage and frequency fluctuations during short-circuit disturbance periods. However, the system successfully recovers to stable operating conditions after these disturbances are resolved.