Assessment of Geometric Accuracy of Indoor Mapping using Low-cost Spherical Panoramic Camera

Increasing world population multiplies the demand of living space which triggers the development of vertical settlement as the most feasible solution in major cities. Therefore the concept of 3D cadastre is now developing and mainly relies on the availability of indoor 3D data. We explore the potential of low cost spherical panoramic camera for creating 3D indoor data. This type of camera allows user to capture indoor scene into an immersive image, which provides more spatial information compared to ordinary camera. This research aims to create indoor 3D model and test the geometric accuracy of 3D positioning and measurement based on current standard of cadastral mapping in Indonesia. For the georeferencing, the ground control points were established by GPS and terrestrial surveying method. Some line segments were also measured to compare lengh measurement based on panoramic images. The results show that the best achieved accuracy has mean absolute error 0.010m, 0.020 m, and 0.022 m in X, Y, and Z direction respectively, while the mean abslute error in line segments is 0.028 m. The Root Mean Square Error of 3D positioning are 0.014 m, 0.015, and 0.004 m in X, Y, and Z direction respectively. This best accuracy corresponds to 0.031 m horizontal accuracy according to CE 90 criterion in Regulations of Head of BIG No. 15 in Year 2014. Moreover, this method allows user to generate up to 1:103th scale map according to the techinical guide of systematic land surveying and registration by Indonesian Ministry of Agrarian and Land Planning.