Business Model Innovation of Off Grid Public Electric Vehicles Battery Swap Station with Solar Powered

Energy transition is Indonesia's national agenda to maintain energy security and realize the use of green energy. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is one strategy to maintain primary energy security and support the reduction of carbon emissions. To support the growth of the EV ecosystem, Public Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Stations (Stasiun Penukaran Baterai Kendaraan Listrik Umum, SPBKLU) have been developed and installed in several locations. Currently, SPBKLU still uses electricity sources from the PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, Indonesia's electricity state-owned company) grid, where the majority of the PLN grid itself still relies on gas and coal power plants. Hence, this work proposed a PV-powered battery swap station and presented the Business Model Canvas and financial and SWOT analysis. Two business model schemes are proposed, the BPCOSP (Battery Provider, Cabinet Owner, Solar PV Provider) and BPCOSL (Battery Provider, Cabinet Owner, Solar PV Lease) schemes. From these two business schemes, the results of the financial feasibility analysis for the SPBKLU swap rate were obtained at IDR 18,241 for the BPCOSP scheme and IDR 21,500 for the BPCOSL scheme. From a SWOT analysis perspective, the BPCOSP and BPCOSL business schemes have the opportunity to increase the Solar PV business value chain and support government programs in achieving Net Zero Emissions. However, there are still weaknesses in terms of tariffs which are still not economical compared to the fuel costs of conventional two-wheeled vehicles and the current SPBKLU swap tariff which still uses electricity from the PLN grid.