Characteristics of Cellulose Acetate from Bacterial Cellulose Made of Pineapple Waste

Producing cellulose from agricultural waste has the potential to lessen the industry's negative effect on the environment while also bringing about significant practical benefits. The waste from processing pineapples in Indonesia has significant potential for use in the production of cellulose acetate based on bacterial cellulose, and the country is a major exporter of processed pineapples. The purpose of this research is to characterise cellulose acetate made from pineapple peel residue. Bacterial cellulose was fermented using pineapple peel extract in this study. To standardise the size of the nanocellulose produced by bacteria, a high-pressure homogenization method was used. Cellulose acetate was made by an esterification method. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared analysis, and X-ray diffraction were used to decipher the findings. According to the study, the primary structure of cellulose was determined to be at the 22-degree diffraction angle peak. At the maximum diffraction angles of 14 and 16 degrees, there was a minor shift in the cellulose structure. Bacterial cellulose's crystallinity improved from 72.5% to 75.9% after being converted to cellulose acetate. Several peak changes, as determined by functional group analysis, pointed to a modification in the membrane's functional group. The membrane's surface morphology also shifts, becoming more smooth and glossy like cellulose acetate.