Cost Optimization Using Several Transportation Model Solution Methods for Water Distribution in the PDAM Wae Manurung Bone Regency

Water distribution cost efficiency is paramount for municipal water companies (PDAM) in Indonesia, especially when expanding service coverage. This study addresses the critical challenge faced by PDAM Wae Manurung in Bone Regency, which needed to optimize its distribution network costs as it scaled operations from seven to thirteen service areas. To identify the most effective approach for minimizing clean water distribution costs, the researchers conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of multiple transportation model methods. The methodologies applied encompassed both classical and contemporary techniques, including the Least Cost Method (LCM), Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM), the Abdul Shaleh Maliki (ASM) method, the Sirisha‑Viola method, and advanced computation via the Lingo 18.0 software algorithm. Calculations for LCM and VAM were iterated using the POM‑QM software, while Sirisha‑Viola and ASM were executed manually, and the Lingo 18.0 algorithm was run directly on the software. The results demonstrated that LCM and VAM yielded the greatest cost reduction, achieving an optimal distribution cost of IDR 2,739,116,099.00, a 52.22 % saving compared to the initial cost of IDR 5,732,709,219.00. Although classical methods outperformed the newer ASM, Sirisha‑Viola, and Lingo 18.0 algorithms in this specific case study, this outcome may not generalize to all PDAM contexts, as network topology and demand patterns can influence method performance. The study therefore strongly recommends the Least Cost Method for PDAM Wae Manurung, as it provides a robust and effective strategy for minimizing logistical expenditures, thereby enhancing financial sustainability and operational efficiency.