Critical Logistic Loss in FPSO-Tanker Transfer Process: Multistakeholder FMEA Risk Analysis

Logistic loss during FPSO–tanker transfer operations is a critical yet underexplored risk in offshore oil and gas logistics. This study aims to address the root causes of such losses, which often stem from procedural inconsistency, poor inter-stakeholder coordination, and reliance on manual documentation. FMEA conducted twenty-three logistics activities involving eight stakeholder groups. Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) were computed based on severity, occurrence, and detection scores aligned with ISO 17776 and API RP 17Q standards. Input data were collected from standard operating procedures, audit reports, and incident records. The results show that five key activities-monitoring transfer (RPN = 360), tanker positioning (RPN = 324), verification of quantity (RPN = 300), document exchange (RPN = 294), and loading coordination (RPN = 280)-collectively contribute over 75% of the total logistic risk. These findings suggest the urgent need for digital interventions such as IoT-based monitoring, automated verification systems, and cloud-based coordination platforms to reduce operational uncertainties and enhance offshore logistics resilience.