Domestic RoRo Ferry Safety Performance Level Monitoring Based on Risk Assessment Model Using IoT: A Literature Review and Application

Domestic RoRo (roll-on/roll-off) ferry safety has been a growing concern for years due to its continued casualty events, which have significant consequences. However, the development of the transport mode from the perspective of safety performance is considered a slow process due to the nature of its operation and less stakeholder concern. One of the significant issues, among others, lies in monitoring the safety level of the service. This condition results in a lack of awareness in every aspect of operation and every mindset of related parties. On the other hand, the Internet of Things (IoT) development has been significantly progressive, covering nearly every aspect of the transport system. The progressive process has been followed by accessibility and affordability of the technology so that every stakeholder can utilise it to the fullest. The paper explores the possibility of IoT technology being included in improving the safety of domestic ferry operations by monitoring the overall safety performance from the perspective of its risk status. The research maps the stakeholder's position based on their function and current or future IoT system. As a risk assessment model, the F-N Curve is used as the base concept for assessing the operation's safety performance and risk state condition. The research identified the possibility of integration under the IoT scheme in dynamic risk assessment. The research also recognises the significant strengths and challenges of integrating every available IoT system, which is contributed by the system's openness.