Effect of Interparticle Distance on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics on Wave Transformation Through Submerged Breakwater

Beach abrasion and erosion are problems that many beaches in Indonesia experience. Waves are the most influential processes in this phenomenon. When the waves move towards the coast, they will transform, generating currents near the coast. Currents moving along the coast displace sediment on the beach, causing changes in the shoreline. So it is necessary to carry out coastal protection efforts so that abrasion does not occur, which results in the erosion of coastal areas so that the island's area is reduced and the coastline retreats. To overcome this problem, one of the supporting facilities is a submerged breakwater. In this paper, researchers will numerically study the effect of particle size on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) when waves pass through a submerged breakwater structure. The simulation is carried out on a Numerical Wave Tank (NWT), the piston is at the end of the tank, and the structure of the submerged breakwater is set according to the experimental scenario. The distance between the particles varied from 0.03, 0.025, 0.02, 0.015, and 0.01. The results show that the smaller the distance between the particles used, the wave elevation results are closer to the experimental model.