Effects of Physical Exercise (Type, Intensity, Duration) on BDNF and Cognitive Functions in the Hippocampus of Adults and Elderly: A Literature Review

The hippocampus has a function in forming memory mediated by the BDNF neurotrophic that has been induced by physical exercise. Several studies have been conducted to determine the effect of exercise on BDNF and cognitive function (learning, memory, and executive function). The effect of exercise is influenced by the type, intensity, and duration. Purpose: To review the effect of physical exercise by type, intensity, and duration on BDNF and cognitive function in adults and the elderly. This study used the literature review method from several databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Cinahl, from 2010 to 2021. Certain keywords were used to search articles; PICO was also used in screening articles, extract, and analysis of data. Results: There are eleven articles included in this literature review. Aerobic exercise increases blood circulation to the heart and brain, so VO₂max increases. Training intensity causes hemodynamics, cellular metabolism, and memory formation, while exercise time influences the hypothalamic response. These mechanisms were interrelated in the effect of exercise on the concentration of BDNF as a mediator of synaptic plasticity. Conclusion: BDNF and cognitive function in the hippocampus are affected by physical exercise, especially the type, intensity, and duration of training.