Energy Efficiency Improvement and CO₂ Mitigation in Residential Sector: Comparison between Indonesia and Thailand

This paper presents energy efficiency improvement and CO₂ mitigation in the residential sector between Indonesia and Thailand. The Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) model was used to analyze future energy demand and CO₂ emissions during 2010-2050. This study applied the Demand Side Management (DSM) options to reduce CO₂ emissions in the residential sector by implementing energy efficiency improvements such as efficient lighting, cooking, cooling and entertainment devices. The results indicate that in the business as usual (BAU) scenarios between 2010 and 2050, for Indonesia the energy demand will increase from 18147 ktoe in 2010 to 36044 ktoe in 2050. By adopting these scenarios, energy will be saved by 27.6% of total energy demand in 2050 while cumulative CO₂ emission can be reduced by 16% of overall CO₂ emissions in 2050. For Thailand, the energy demand will increase from 1879.1 ktoe in 2010 to 3167.8 ktoe in 2050. The energy will be save by 15.5% of total energy demand in 2050 and cumulative CO₂ emission can be reduced by 13.36% of overall CO₂ emission in 2050.