Enhanced biodiesel and ethyl levulinate production from rice bran through non catalytic in situ transesterification under subcritical water ethanol mixture

Siti Zullaikah*, Sri Utami, Rifky Putra Herminanto, M. Rachimoellah

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

In-situ transesterification method without catalysts to produce biodiesel (fatty acid ethyl esters, FAEE) from rice bran using subcritical water ethanol mixture has been investigated. This method was found to be efficient since the rice bran oil (RBO) extraction and reaction of RBO into FAEE occur simultaneously. In this process other chemical (ethyl levulinate, EL) was also formed along with FAEE. EL can be used to improve the biodiesel quality by improving the low temperature properties of biodiesel. In this study effect of co-solvent types (without co-solvent, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and n-hexane) and water ethanol ratio (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%, v/v) on the content and yield of FAEE and EL at subcritical water ethanol mixture (T= 160oC, P= 80 bar, and t= 2 h) were investigated systematically. The content and yield of FAEE and EL obtained was found to be affected by the type of co-solvent. The content of FAEE and EL obtained without co-solvent (ethanol and water polarity index were PI=5.2 and PI=10.2, respectively) and with co-solvent of ethyl acetate (PI= 4.4), chloroform (PI= 4.1) and n-hexane (PI= 0.1) were 55.80% and 3.92%, 68.63% and 1.15%, 65.56% and 2.14%, and 62.00% and 0.93%, respectively. Higher polarity index of co-solvent extracted more RBO, as consequent the yield of FAEE (79.79%) obtained was higher using ethyl acetate as co-solvent. This data also suggested that RBO contains more free fatty acids (FFA= 63.59%) rather than of triglycerides (TG= 24.94%). The content and yield of FAEE and EL decreased with increasing water ethanol ratio. The highest content of FAEE (60.57%) and EL (8.48%) and yield of FAEE (78.03%) and EL (10.92%) were obtained using water ethanol ratio of 20%, v/v.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationSeminar on Materials Science and Technology
EditorsLukman Noerochim
PublisherTrans Tech Publications Ltd
Pages234-239
Number of pages6
ISBN (Print)9783035714340
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2019
Event4th International Seminar on Science and Technology, ISST 2018 - Surabaya, Indonesia
Duration: 9 Aug 20189 Aug 2018

Publication series

NameMaterials Science Forum
Volume964 MSF
ISSN (Print)0255-5476
ISSN (Electronic)1662-9752

Conference

Conference4th International Seminar on Science and Technology, ISST 2018
Country/TerritoryIndonesia
CitySurabaya
Period9/08/189/08/18

Keywords

  • Biodiesel
  • Ethyl levulinate
  • In situ transesterification
  • Rice bran
  • Subcritical water

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