Enhancing the Performance of Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with T-slot Addition for 5G Network Applications

Rectangular microstrip antenna is widely used in 5G communication due to its ability to resonate at 3.5 GHz. However, conventional designs using inset feed and array methods still face limitations, such as narrow bandwidth, high return loss, and suboptimal impedance matching. This study proposes a new approach by expanding the patch dimensions, reducing the inset feed length, and adding a T-slot structure to the antenna patch, a configuration rarely explored in previous studies. All developments were conducted through simulations based on the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to obtain the most optimal design dimensions, which were fabricated after the optimal model was obtained. Simulation and measurement results show a significant improvement in antenna bandwidth, increasing to 1.56 GHz, a reduced VSWR value of 1.026, and a return loss of -42 dB. This performance enhancement is attributed to patch expansion and T-slot integration, which enhances antenna resonance. With these enhanced characteristics, the proposed antenna design has great potential for implementation in 5G communication.