Environmental disaster education and communication in Indonesia: A survey among generation Z near Mount Krakatoa

This research paper aims to examine several factors that are thought to be correlations in building environmental awareness and preparedness in the face of earthquake, eruption, volcano, and tsunami disasters. The independent variables include formal learning such as school curriculum, intra-school (co-curricular), and extra-school. Online informal variables are learning from social media, learning from games, and learning from a role model such as Greta Thunberg. Meanwhile, sharing environment knowledge is positioned as an intervening variable, and the dependent variable is disaster preparedness. The survey was conducted in twelve sub-district cities around Mount Krakatoa in Indonesia. As many as 238 respondents were taken purposively among junior high school and senior high school students. Data processing in a structural equation model with path analysis shows that all tested independent variables have a significant correlation on sharing knowledge of environmental awareness and affect disaster preparedness. Formal learning does not directly affect disaster preparedness, but extra-school and informal online learning variables significantly affect disaster preparedness. The implications of the results of this study suggest the widespread adoption of topics on environmental care and disaster preparedness in schools and universities for humans and their environmental protection.