Environmental User Preferences in Indonesian Cities Railway Station: Towards Sustainable Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)

Urbanization and population growth in Indonesia have increased the demand for public transportation, but the recent impact of Urban Heat Island (UHI) has created problems that affect the convenience of users in using railway station buildings and environment. This study aims to determine user preferences for train station facilities of major cities in Indonesia, with a focus on satisfaction levels and areas that need improvement. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect user data from various regions. The qualitative method is carried out by conducting a site visit at a train station in the city of Surabaya and conducting a literature review to identify key factors that influence user preferences, while the quantitative method is carried out by distributing questionnaires containing questions about the condition of the train station facilities now and in the future. The results of the study show the impact of adequate facilities such as seats, Wi-Fi, air conditioning, cleanliness, and entertainment areas to users' preference in using train stations. Correlation and factor analysis also will be conducted to understand the variables influencing the performance of built environment. In addition, this study also evaluates and discuss the accessibility, comfort, and security. These findings can provide insights for railway station management, policy makers to improve the quality of facilities, services and promote green sustainable Transit-Oriented Development (TOD).