Experimental and Predicted Values of Bubble Point Pressure for Binary and Ternary Systems Consisting of 1-Butanol, 2-Methyl-1-propanol, Glycerol, and Water

In this work, the bubble point pressure data for binary mixtures of (1-butanol + glycerol) and (2-methyl-1-propanol + glycerol) and ternary mixtures of (1-butanol + glycerol + water) and (2-methyl-1-propanol + glycerol + water) were measured using a simple quasi-static ebulliometer. To validate the apparatus, the experimental vapor pressure data of pure 1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol were compared with the literature data and showed average absolute deviations below 0.2%. The measured binary bubble point pressure data in this study show strong positive deviation from ideality based on Raoult's law. For binary systems, the Wilson, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL), and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) models were used to correlate the measured experimental data with average absolute deviations in bubble point pressures of 1.6, 1.6, and 2.2% for the 1-butanol + glycerol system and 1.5, 1.6, and 3.0% for the 2-methyl-1-propanol + glycerol system, respectively. Meanwhile, the experimental bubble point pressure data for those ternary systems were compared with the predicted data of Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC models using the binary interaction parameter pair determined from the experimental binary phase equilibrium data of its constituents. The experimental bubble point pressure data for ternary systems were in good agreement with the predicted values using those three activity coefficient models with average absolute deviations in the bubble point pressures within 2.9%.