Formal Safety Assessment for determining sensitive area due to traffic of tourism vessels at Lombok Strait

Lombok Strait has been determined as one of the Indonesia Archipelagic Sea Lane (IASL) passageways. It is also home to many tourism spots, such as Nusa Penida, that result in an increase in traffic density. Nusa Penida has been designated as a Marine Protected Area (MPA) since 2010. However, there is a need to define the sensitive area of Nusa Penida to protect it from the activities of vessels that can further harm the conserved area. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology that aims to improve safety in the maritime, including environmental aspects, using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment. The result of this study is that ten hazards are categorized as possible hazards and then narrowed into five potential hazards - the one that will be analyzed is tourism activities. The frequency analysis of this study only considers tourism vessels namely Pleasure, Passenger, Fishing, and Sailing Vessels. The consequence analysis provided recommendations for a safe distance of vessels considering the hearing threshold of Sunfish (150 dB) which is 5000 m and coral reef (157 dB) is around 10 m. The proposed design of the sensitive area was based on the Nusa Penida MPA with changes in 2 coordinates considering ship activity as one additional aspect.