Impact of Solar Photovoltaic Systems on Low Voltage in Buildings Distribution Networks

Currently, the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems as an energy source to supply some of the energy use in buildings is increasing rapidly. This is due to the government's encouragement to use the rooftop as a location for the installation of PV modules. In addition, the price of solar modules and inverters is getting cheaper and there are more choices, and the investment costs are getting more affordable. However, one of the problems is the concern from PLN as the electricity provider that there will be disturbances to the network such as voltage variation, reverse power, and harmonics. This study an analyzing result of the impact of PV modules installed on the rooftop of the building to supply electricity during the day. The method is carried out by measuring electrical parameters using a PQ measuring instrument installed on the PV output and input from the PLN grid on the distribution network inside the building in two time periods, before and after connecting the PV generation to the network. There are several issues that are studied and discussed such as measuring the impact of variations in solar radiation on PV output power dan voltage variation. Also the study gives characteristics and orders of harmonics at various operating conditions. The results show that the ratio of the instantaneous power contribution of PV production to the load in the building can reach 68.5%. PV modules also improve voltage, especially on holidays. The total harmonic voltage distortion when PV is on or off is almost the same that is 2.3%.