Innovations and trends in composite materials for maritime applications: a 2000–2024 bibliometric study and comprehensive review

This paper provides a bibliometric review of composite materials in the maritime sector, analysing research trends from 2000 to 2023. It examines key composites, including fibre-reinforced, geopolymer, plant biomass-based, microwave-absorbing and biodegradable composites, emphasizing their applications and challenges in marine environments. Fibre-reinforced composites with superhydrophobic coatings excel in strength and corrosion resistance but face moisture-related challenges with natural fibres. Geopolymer composites are sustainable and corrosion-resistant but require improvements in brittleness and durability. Plant biomass-based and biodegradable composites are eco-friendly but need enhanced mechanical performance for maritime applications. Microwave-absorbing and corrosion-resistant composites offer dual functionality, essential for naval use. Global research distribution visualized through VOSviewer highlights significant contributions from India, China, and the United States, with an emerging focus on Europe and Australia. Future research should prioritise enhancing moisture resistance, improving geopolymer toughness and developing cost-effective, sustainable composites for long-term marine applications.