Integrated Sentinel-5P and Terra Mopitt for Carbon Monoxide monitoring in West Java from 2019 to 2022

Air pollution remains a pressing environmental issue in developing countries, with Carbon Monoxide (CO) being one of the major pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and organic matter. While ground-based monitoring provides valuable data, its limited spatial coverage constrains comprehensive regional assessments. This study analyzes the distribution of Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentration in West Java from 2019 to 2022 using satellite data from Sentinel-5P (TROPOMI) and Terra MOPITT. Spatial analysis revealed a consistent pattern across both sensors, with moderate to high CO concentrations concentrated in the northern regions of West Java. Temporal analysis showed seasonal variation, with CO levels peaking during the dry season and declining during the rainy season. Notably, a significant reduction in CO concentration was observed during 2020-2021, likely due to the implementation of COVID-19 mobility restrictions. Correlation analysis demonstrated a moderate positive relationship between Sentinel-5P and MOPITT (r = 0.644), although has differences attributed to their spatial resolution, temporal coverage, and vertical sensitivity. Furthermore, comparison with ground monitoring data revealed a moderate correlation for Sentinel-5P (r = 0.535, p<0.05), while MOPITT showed a weak non-significant correlation (r = 0.197, p>0.05). These indicate that Sentinel-5P is more suitable for regional-scale CO monitoring in West Java.