Internet of things-based rice field irrigation evaporation monitoring system

The urgency for efficient irrigation in Indonesia’s agriculture sector, particularly in paddy fields, is evident. However, existing methods for monitoring water levels are antiquated, often requiring manual measurements with a ruler. This research introduces a comprehensive “monitoring system for light intensity and water temperature as an analysis of evaporation for rice irrigation based on the internet of things”. The system integrates various sensors an anemometer for wind speed, an ultrasonic sensor for water level, a DS18B20 waterproof sensor for water temperature, and a GY-8511 sensor for sunlight intensity. All data are collected by an Arduino Mega controller, connected to an ESP32 for transmitting the readings to the Blynk app and an I2C 20×4 liquid crystal display (LCD) screen. The control mechanism employs a closed-loop system with a direct current (DC) motor actuator to operate the water gate, which can also be manually controlled via a cellphone. The system effectively meets daily evapotranspiration requirements of 1.44 mm, with optimal conditions yielding water levels of 3 cm, water temperatures of 38.53 °C, sunlight intensity of 4.59 mW/cm², and wind speed of 0.21 m/s.