TY - JOUR
T1 - Ionospheric disturbances of the 2007 Bengkulu and the 2005 Nias earthquakes, Sumatra, observed with a regional GPS network
AU - Cahyadi, Mokhamad Nur
AU - Heki, K.
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - We studied ionospheric disturbances associated with the two large earthquakes in Sumatra, Indonesia, namely, the 2007 Bengkulu and the 2005 Nias earthquakes, by measuring the total electron contents (TEC) using a regional network of global positioning system (GPS) receivers. We first focus on coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) of the Bengkulu earthquake (M w 8.5). They appeared 11-16 min after the earthquake and propagated northward as fast as ~0.7 km/s, consistent with the sound speed at the ionospheric F layer height. Resonant oscillation of TEC with a frequency of ~5 mHz continued for at least 30 min after the earthquake. The largest aftershock (Mw 7.9) also showed clear CIDs similar to the main shock. A CID propagating with the Rayleigh wave velocity was not observed, possibly because the station distribution did not favor the radiation pattern of the surface waves. This earthquake, which occurred during a period of quiet geomagnetic activity, also showed clear preseismic TEC anomalies similar to those before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The positive and negative anomalies started 30-60 min before the earthquake to the north and the south of the fault region, respectively. On the other hand, we did not find any long-term TEC anomalies within 4-5 days before the earthquake. Co- and preseismic ionospheric anomalies of the 2005 Nias earthquake (Mw 8.6) were, however, masked by strong plasma bubble signatures, and we could not even discuss the presence or absence of CIDs and preseismic TEC changes for this earthquake. Key Points Bengkulu 2007 and Nias 2005 earthquake
AB - We studied ionospheric disturbances associated with the two large earthquakes in Sumatra, Indonesia, namely, the 2007 Bengkulu and the 2005 Nias earthquakes, by measuring the total electron contents (TEC) using a regional network of global positioning system (GPS) receivers. We first focus on coseismic ionospheric disturbances (CIDs) of the Bengkulu earthquake (M w 8.5). They appeared 11-16 min after the earthquake and propagated northward as fast as ~0.7 km/s, consistent with the sound speed at the ionospheric F layer height. Resonant oscillation of TEC with a frequency of ~5 mHz continued for at least 30 min after the earthquake. The largest aftershock (Mw 7.9) also showed clear CIDs similar to the main shock. A CID propagating with the Rayleigh wave velocity was not observed, possibly because the station distribution did not favor the radiation pattern of the surface waves. This earthquake, which occurred during a period of quiet geomagnetic activity, also showed clear preseismic TEC anomalies similar to those before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The positive and negative anomalies started 30-60 min before the earthquake to the north and the south of the fault region, respectively. On the other hand, we did not find any long-term TEC anomalies within 4-5 days before the earthquake. Co- and preseismic ionospheric anomalies of the 2005 Nias earthquake (Mw 8.6) were, however, masked by strong plasma bubble signatures, and we could not even discuss the presence or absence of CIDs and preseismic TEC changes for this earthquake. Key Points Bengkulu 2007 and Nias 2005 earthquake
KW - Bengkulu
KW - GPS
KW - Ionosphere
KW - Nias
KW - TEC
KW - earthquake
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84880752722&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jgra.50208
DO - 10.1002/jgra.50208
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84880752722
SN - 2169-9380
VL - 118
SP - 1777
EP - 1787
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
IS - 4
ER -