Low Albumin Determination as a Biomarker Cancer with Cyclic Voltammetry in Agfilm/ITO and AgNOfilm/ITO Electrodes

Ag and AgNO film were fabricated through sputter deposition on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass. Electrochemical detection using cyclic voltammetry (CV) was carried out for low albumin levels in blood as a parameter of cancer patients. This study aims to determinate low albumin level as a biomarker cancer. Albumin adsorption on the Ag_film/ITO and AgNO_film/ITO was also investigated to determine the level of sensitivity of both electrodes. Analysis of the CV measurements indicated that the Ag_film/ITO electrode was more sensitive compared to the AgNO_film/ITO electrode, with a sensitivity value of 4.564 µA M^-1cm^-2 for the Ag_film/ITO electrode and 2.123 µA M^-1cm^-2 for the AgNO_film/ITO electrode. The testing of albumin levels in blood within a range of low concentration levels between 10^-1 and 10^-8 g/dL indicated a detection limit of 10^-9 g/mL. The selectivity of Ag electrodes was found to be very good for other interfering molecules such as urine, glucose, and lysozyme. The results of the modeling of electric field and magnetic field distribution showed that the Ag_film/ITO electrode possessed larger values than the AgNO_film/ITO electrode. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the electrode modified with micro-sized Ag achieved more effective results than the electrode modified with AgNO. This sensor can determine low albumin level as a blood cancer biomarker. This sensor holds great promise for use in real samples in the future.