Macroergonomics Approach for Developing the Next Generation of Safety Culture Maturity Model

Background A poor safety culture has led to numerous major incidents in the chemical process industry. Empirical evidence proves that sectors with high safety culture maturity (SCM) levels have fewer incidents and accidents. A macroergonomics approach could increase the resilience. This study identifies SCM variables in chemical process-based industries and develops a conceptual framework and model using a macroergonomics approach to achieve organizational resilience. Methods This study will employ a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to conduct an SLR on the safety culture maturity model (SCMM) research. The SLR aims to find measurement variables and models used in previous research. Then, the variables found were classified into five work subsystems: 1) organization, 2) tools and technology, 3) human, 4) job and tasks, and 5) environment. Validation was then proposed by 11 experts using the content validity ratio method to identify relevant variables to measure SCM in chemical process-based industries. Results Fifteen variables were classified into the organizational subsystem, six were in the tools and technology subsystem variables, nine were included in the human subsystem variables, five were in the job and task subsystem variables, and six were included in the environment subsystem variables. A six-level SCM model is presented: Pathological, Reactive, Calculative, Proactive, Generative, and Resilient. Conclusions This study successfully identified and mapped key variables contributing to SCMM in chemical process-based industries using a macroergonomics approach, resulting in 41 measurement variables. A six-level SCMM can be used to develop measurement tools and improve organizational resilience.