TY - JOUR
T1 - Macrophytes as wastewater treatment agents
T2 - Nutrient uptake and potential of produced biomass utilization toward circular economy initiatives
AU - Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
AU - Ahmad, Azmi
AU - Said, Nor Sakinah Mohd
AU - Imron, Muhammad Fauzul
AU - Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
AU - Othman, Ahmad Razi
AU - Purwanti, Ipung Fitri
AU - Hasan, Hassimi Abu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/10/10
Y1 - 2021/10/10
N2 - Macrophytes have been widely used as agents in wastewater treatment. The involvement of plants in wastewater treatment cannot be separated from wetland utilization. As one of the green technologies in wastewater treatment plants, wetland exhibits a great performance, especially in removing nutrients from wastewater before the final discharge. It involves the use of plants and consequently produces plant biomasses as treatment byproducts. The produced plant biomasses can be utilized or converted into several valuable compounds, but related information is still limited and scattered. This review summarizes wastewater's nutrient content (macro and micronutrient) that can support plant growth and the performance of constructed wetland (CW) in performing nutrient uptake by using macrophytes as treatment agents. This paper further discusses the potential of the utilization of the produced plant biomasses as bioenergy production materials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel. This paper also highlights the conversion of plant biomasses into animal feed, biochar, adsorbent, and fertilizer, which may support clean production and circular economy efforts. The presented review aims to emphasize and explore the utilization of plant biomasses and their conversion into valuable products, which may solve problems related to plant biomass handling during the adoption of CW in wastewater treatment plants.
AB - Macrophytes have been widely used as agents in wastewater treatment. The involvement of plants in wastewater treatment cannot be separated from wetland utilization. As one of the green technologies in wastewater treatment plants, wetland exhibits a great performance, especially in removing nutrients from wastewater before the final discharge. It involves the use of plants and consequently produces plant biomasses as treatment byproducts. The produced plant biomasses can be utilized or converted into several valuable compounds, but related information is still limited and scattered. This review summarizes wastewater's nutrient content (macro and micronutrient) that can support plant growth and the performance of constructed wetland (CW) in performing nutrient uptake by using macrophytes as treatment agents. This paper further discusses the potential of the utilization of the produced plant biomasses as bioenergy production materials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel. This paper also highlights the conversion of plant biomasses into animal feed, biochar, adsorbent, and fertilizer, which may support clean production and circular economy efforts. The presented review aims to emphasize and explore the utilization of plant biomasses and their conversion into valuable products, which may solve problems related to plant biomass handling during the adoption of CW in wastewater treatment plants.
KW - Biochar
KW - Bioenergy
KW - Cleaner production
KW - Fertilizer
KW - Wetland
KW - Zero waste
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85107562872&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148219
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148219
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34380263
AN - SCOPUS:85107562872
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 790
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 148219
ER -
