TY - JOUR
T1 - Maximizing diesel removal from contaminated sand using Scirpus mucronatus and assessment of rhizobacteria addition effect
AU - Purwanti, Ipung Fitri
AU - Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh
AU - Hamzah, Ainon
AU - Idris, Mushrifah
AU - Basri, Hassan
AU - Latif, Mohd Talib
AU - Mukhlisin, Muhammad
AU - Kurniawan, Setyo Budi
AU - Imron, Muhammad Fauzul
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - Phytoremediation is one of the green technologies that is friendly to nature, utilizes fewer chemicals, and exhibits good performance. In this study, phytoremediation was used to treat diesel-contaminated sand using a local aquatic plant species, Scirpus mucronatus, by analyzing the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). Optimization of diesel removal was performed according to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) under pilot-scale conditions. The quadratic model showed the best fit to describe the obtained data. Actual vs. predicted values from BBD showed a total of 9.1 % error for the concentration of TPH in sand and 0 % error for the concentration of TPH in plants. Maximum TPH removal of 42.3 ± 2.1 % was obtained under optimized conditions at a diesel initial concentration of 50 mg/kg, an aeration rate of 0.48 L/min, and a retention time of 72 days. The addition of two species of rhizobacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) at optimum conditions increased the TPH removal to 51.9 ± 2.6 %. The obtained model and optimum condition can be adopted to treat diesel-contaminated sand within the same TPH range (50–3000 mg/kg) in sand.
AB - Phytoremediation is one of the green technologies that is friendly to nature, utilizes fewer chemicals, and exhibits good performance. In this study, phytoremediation was used to treat diesel-contaminated sand using a local aquatic plant species, Scirpus mucronatus, by analyzing the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). Optimization of diesel removal was performed according to Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) under pilot-scale conditions. The quadratic model showed the best fit to describe the obtained data. Actual vs. predicted values from BBD showed a total of 9.1 % error for the concentration of TPH in sand and 0 % error for the concentration of TPH in plants. Maximum TPH removal of 42.3 ± 2.1 % was obtained under optimized conditions at a diesel initial concentration of 50 mg/kg, an aeration rate of 0.48 L/min, and a retention time of 72 days. The addition of two species of rhizobacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) at optimum conditions increased the TPH removal to 51.9 ± 2.6 %. The obtained model and optimum condition can be adopted to treat diesel-contaminated sand within the same TPH range (50–3000 mg/kg) in sand.
KW - Bacillus
KW - Hydrocarbon
KW - Phytoremediation
KW - Pollution
KW - TPH
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85175841688&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21737
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21737
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85175841688
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 9
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 11
M1 - e21737
ER -