Modelling toll traffic pattern: The Jagorawi toll case study

The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of, such as conventional, automatic toll gate with e-toll card (GTO) and On-Board Unit with Multi Lane Free Flow (MLFF) payment system on the level of queuing, such as the number of cars in queue, the amount of queue time, and the congestion costs due to queue. The queuing theory was used to compare the performance of different payment system on Jagorawi toll roads as a case study. A model was developed to understand the pattern of queue and the relationship between queuing pattern, the toll's gate volume, and the number of booth. This study found that congestion occurred in the majority of the toll gate, which heavily due to unreliability of the booth services. Rather than increasing the number of booth, simulation of queuing models showed that optimization of toll gate could be achieved with GTO systems. The findings showed that the total number of cars and time in queue at cash payment system is almost 540% higher and annual congestion cost is almost 284% higher than GTO.