Nanosorbents in solid-phase extraction techniques for bioanalysis: A review

In this article, we provide an in-depth review of the application of nanosorbents for bioanalytical sample preparation. Based on the reported literature, researchers are increasingly interested in using nanomaterials to enhance conventional sorptive extraction methods and develop innovative techniques in bioanalysis. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of various classes of nanosorbents used in bioanalytical sample preparation were discussed in this study. Detailed mechanisms of separation, green metrics evaluation, and the challenges and potential of nanosorbents in solid-phase extraction techniques are also elaborated. It is hoped that this review will assist researchers in the development of ideal techniques for selective, fast, green, simple, sensitive, and accurate analytical methodologies for bioanalysis.