Numerical and Statistical Optimization of CO₂ Storage Performance for Emission Mitigation and Environmental Sustainability

Efficient CO2 storage in permeable subsurface geologic reservoirs is crucial to the success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for emission reduction. This study explores the operating conditions for CO2 injection, such as the rate, pressure and temperature, using CFD-based simulation with ANSYS Fluent in conjunction with statistical optimization by RSM. Navier Stokes equations were used to formulate the model together with a porous media momentum sink and a transport equation for CO2 saturation in a homogeneous porous-core. For the CCD experiments, values of parameter were varied from 5 to 15 mg/s (injection rate), from 250 to 350 bar (outlet pressure) and from 40 to 100°C (inlet temperature). The main response studied was CO2 storage capacity (g of CO2/m³). RSM analysis revealed a quadratic relationship with R² = 0.8737, emphasizing that the interaction between injection rate and inlet temperature was the most influential factor affecting storage performance. The best operating parameters found were the feed flow rate of 7.89 mg/s, the inlet temperature equal to 93.61 °C and the outlet pressure 284.55 bar with an average CO2/m³ storage of about 214 g. These results indicate that a careful monitoring of the injection parameters can improve CO2 storage efficiency and operational security.