Numerical Modeling of Wave Hydrodynamic Performance with Various Layouts of Single-Slope Floating Breakwater Arrays

Floating breakwaters have been widely developed and researched to reduce wave energy experimentally and in numerical models. One aspect that is quite important in designing a floating breakwater is its layout because it will determine the transmission and the reflection of waves so that it can optimally protect the area behind it. In this research, the effect of wave transmission and reflection is studied numerically with Flow-3D on layout-I, layout-V, and layout-U of floating breakwater models. This series of models is connected with connectors so that the modules are not rigid and can move horizontally and vertically. The model simulation results show that layout-I has good wave reduction capabilities if the incident wave angle is perpendicular to the structure. However, if the wave's angle of incidence is slanted, the ability to reduce the wave is reduced. When viewed from all angles of the incident wave, the U-layout can reduce waves effectively and efficiently. During high tide conditions, the floating breakwater will work optimally in reducing wave energy and reflecting waves. However, the structure's ability to reduce and reflect waves will decrease when seawater recedes. The mooring lines become loose at low tide, so the structure quickly changes position. The impact is that the floating breakwater structure is prone to moving quickly, so incoming waves will receive additional wave propagation energy due to the movement of the structure.