Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics

Sandi Saputra; Djatmiko Ichsani; Imaniar Fitri Aisyah; Rachmat Hermawan

doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_14

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics

Sandi Saputra^*
, Djatmiko Ichsani
, Imaniar Fitri Aisyah
, Rachmat Hermawan

^*Corresponding author for this work

Laboratory of Thermal Engineering and Energy System

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

PV installations in Indonesia are viable solutions to generate solar that is harmless to the environment. However, in equatorial zone, the average temperature on sunny days ranges between 34 to 40 °C, which leads PV panels to overheat, thereby reducing their efficiency and performance. Various methods for cooling have been implemented, but the resulting temperatures have not yet attained optimal levels due to the inefficiency of cold conducting materials. In this study, a novelty of redesigned water-cooled panel with thermal paste as a modified encapsulant (EVA layer) to improve heat transfer distribution and cooling performance efficiency. A numerical simulation is performed to model the fluid flow in the baseplate and analyze the thermal paste's heat transfer as a modification of encapsulant. Furthermore, the result of the final PV cell increased electricity production performance by between 8 and 10% was reported.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023
Editors	Suwarno Suwarno, Triyogi Yuwono, Mohan Kolhe, Muhammad Aziz
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	133-140
Number of pages	8
ISBN (Print)	9789819781966
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_14
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICOME 2023 - Bali, Indonesia Duration: 30 Aug 2023 → 31 Aug 2023

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume	1279
ISSN (Print)	1876-1100
ISSN (Electronic)	1876-1119

Conference

Conference	6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICOME 2023
Country/Territory	Indonesia
City	Bali
Period	30/08/23 → 31/08/23

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

CFD
Thermal paste
Water-cooled photovoltaic

Access to Document

10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_14

Cite this

Saputra, S., Ichsani, D., Aisyah, I. F., & Hermawan, R. (2025). Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics. In S. Suwarno, T. Yuwono, M. Kolhe, & M. Aziz (Eds.), Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023 (pp. 133-140). (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Vol. 1279). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_14

Saputra, Sandi ; Ichsani, Djatmiko ; Aisyah, Imaniar Fitri et al. / Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics. Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023. editor / Suwarno Suwarno ; Triyogi Yuwono ; Mohan Kolhe ; Muhammad Aziz. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. pp. 133-140 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering).

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title = "Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics",

abstract = "PV installations in Indonesia are viable solutions to generate solar that is harmless to the environment. However, in equatorial zone, the average temperature on sunny days ranges between 34 to 40 °C, which leads PV panels to overheat, thereby reducing their efficiency and performance. Various methods for cooling have been implemented, but the resulting temperatures have not yet attained optimal levels due to the inefficiency of cold conducting materials. In this study, a novelty of redesigned water-cooled panel with thermal paste as a modified encapsulant (EVA layer) to improve heat transfer distribution and cooling performance efficiency. A numerical simulation is performed to model the fluid flow in the baseplate and analyze the thermal paste's heat transfer as a modification of encapsulant. Furthermore, the result of the final PV cell increased electricity production performance by between 8 and 10\% was reported.",

keywords = "CFD, Thermal paste, Water-cooled photovoltaic",

author = "Sandi Saputra and Djatmiko Ichsani and Aisyah, \{Imaniar Fitri\} and Rachmat Hermawan",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.; 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICOME 2023 ; Conference date: 30-08-2023 Through 31-08-2023",

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doi = "10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3\_14",

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}

Saputra, S, Ichsani, D, Aisyah, IF & Hermawan, R 2025, Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics. in S Suwarno, T Yuwono, M Kolhe & M Aziz (eds), Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 1279, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 133-140, 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICOME 2023, Bali, Indonesia, 30/08/23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_14

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics. / Saputra, Sandi; Ichsani, Djatmiko; Aisyah, Imaniar Fitri et al.
Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023. ed. / Suwarno Suwarno; Triyogi Yuwono; Mohan Kolhe; Muhammad Aziz. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025. p. 133-140 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; Vol. 1279).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics

AU - Saputra, Sandi

AU - Ichsani, Djatmiko

AU - Aisyah, Imaniar Fitri

AU - Hermawan, Rachmat

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - PV installations in Indonesia are viable solutions to generate solar that is harmless to the environment. However, in equatorial zone, the average temperature on sunny days ranges between 34 to 40 °C, which leads PV panels to overheat, thereby reducing their efficiency and performance. Various methods for cooling have been implemented, but the resulting temperatures have not yet attained optimal levels due to the inefficiency of cold conducting materials. In this study, a novelty of redesigned water-cooled panel with thermal paste as a modified encapsulant (EVA layer) to improve heat transfer distribution and cooling performance efficiency. A numerical simulation is performed to model the fluid flow in the baseplate and analyze the thermal paste's heat transfer as a modification of encapsulant. Furthermore, the result of the final PV cell increased electricity production performance by between 8 and 10% was reported.

AB - PV installations in Indonesia are viable solutions to generate solar that is harmless to the environment. However, in equatorial zone, the average temperature on sunny days ranges between 34 to 40 °C, which leads PV panels to overheat, thereby reducing their efficiency and performance. Various methods for cooling have been implemented, but the resulting temperatures have not yet attained optimal levels due to the inefficiency of cold conducting materials. In this study, a novelty of redesigned water-cooled panel with thermal paste as a modified encapsulant (EVA layer) to improve heat transfer distribution and cooling performance efficiency. A numerical simulation is performed to model the fluid flow in the baseplate and analyze the thermal paste's heat transfer as a modification of encapsulant. Furthermore, the result of the final PV cell increased electricity production performance by between 8 and 10% was reported.

KW - CFD

KW - Thermal paste

KW - Water-cooled photovoltaic

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M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105007507278

SN - 9789819781966

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SP - 133

EP - 140

BT - Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023

A2 - Suwarno, Suwarno

A2 - Yuwono, Triyogi

A2 - Kolhe, Mohan

A2 - Aziz, Muhammad

PB - Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH

T2 - 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, ICOME 2023

Y2 - 30 August 2023 through 31 August 2023

ER -

Saputra S, Ichsani D, Aisyah IF, Hermawan R. Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics. In Suwarno S, Yuwono T, Kolhe M, Aziz M, editors, Smart Innovation in Green and Sustainable Energy - Select Proceedings of ICOME 2023. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2025. p. 133-140. (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-8197-3_14

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Thermal Paste as an Encapsulant Layer a Water-Cooled Photovoltaics

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

UN SDGs

Keywords

Access to Document

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