Optimal operation and capacity sizing for a sustainable shared energy storage system with solar power and hydropower generator

This study addresses the pressing challenge of stabilizing energy production during the transition from non-renewable to renewable sources. The over-reliance on fluctuating renewable sources often leads to inefficiencies in energy supply and demand balance, highlighting the need for innovative solutions. One such alternative is the Sustainable Shared Energy Storage (SSES) system, which integrates hybrid energy sources like solar and hydropower to enhance both reliability and efficiency. In this study, a two-stage optimization model is proposed as a novel approach to maximize operational efficiency and determine optimal SSES capacity under different scenarios. The first stage focuses on the day-to-day dynamic adjustments of energy flows, while the second stage provides long-term capacity planning aligned with future demand forecasts. The study's findings reveal that the implementation of an SSES within the Java–Bali energy distribution network reduces operational costs by 15.68 % annually, decreases carbon emissions by 17.8 %, and increases energy sales profits by 16.54 %. These results underscore the economic and environmental benefits of incorporating shared energy storage systems in renewable energy grids. This study contributes a unique perspective by demonstrating how the SSES model not only improves grid stability and peak demand management but also offers a financially viable solution for reducing dependency on non-renewable energy sources.