TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimization of Slow Sand Filtration for the Raw Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Using the Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa) Shell as an Alternative Filter Media through the Response Surface Methodology
AU - Fitriani, Nurina
AU - Ni’matuzahroh,
AU - O’Marga, Timothy Tjahja Nugraha
AU - Mohamed, Radin Maya Saphira Radin
AU - Wahyudianto, Febri Eko
AU - Imron, Muhammad Fauzul
AU - Isnadina, Dwi Ratri Mitha
AU - Soedjono, Eddy Setiadi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. Journal of Ecological Engineering.All Rights Reserved.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This research aimed to investigate the optimum conditions of slow sand filter (SSF) media modification by using ground Anadara granosa shell waste and the effect of the ripening period on the total coliform (TC) removal efficiency. The response surface methodology with the central composite design was conducted with three factors, namely, seeding time (2–3 weeks), running time (0–20 days), type of SSF media (i.e., river sand, A. granosa shell, and their combination), as independent variables. The results showed that the ripening period factor interacted insignificantly by improving the TC removal efficiency due to short ripening time (p > 0.05). The optimum conditions of the SSF to achieve maximum TC removal efficiency (99.70 ± 21.50%) were as follows: combination media of river sand and ground A. granosa shell waste, 2.8 weeks (20 days) of ripening period, and 20 days of operation. In conclusion, the optimum operating parameters of the slow sand filter revealed that the combination of river sand and A. granosa shell as well as prolonged ripening and running times could increase the removal efficiency of TC. Hence, the A.
AB - This research aimed to investigate the optimum conditions of slow sand filter (SSF) media modification by using ground Anadara granosa shell waste and the effect of the ripening period on the total coliform (TC) removal efficiency. The response surface methodology with the central composite design was conducted with three factors, namely, seeding time (2–3 weeks), running time (0–20 days), type of SSF media (i.e., river sand, A. granosa shell, and their combination), as independent variables. The results showed that the ripening period factor interacted insignificantly by improving the TC removal efficiency due to short ripening time (p > 0.05). The optimum conditions of the SSF to achieve maximum TC removal efficiency (99.70 ± 21.50%) were as follows: combination media of river sand and ground A. granosa shell waste, 2.8 weeks (20 days) of ripening period, and 20 days of operation. In conclusion, the optimum operating parameters of the slow sand filter revealed that the combination of river sand and A. granosa shell as well as prolonged ripening and running times could increase the removal efficiency of TC. Hence, the A.
KW - Domestic wastewater
KW - Response surface methodology
KW - Slow sand filter
KW - Total coliform
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129383264&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.12911/22998993/147833
DO - 10.12911/22998993/147833
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85129383264
SN - 2081-139X
VL - 23
SP - 100
EP - 111
JO - Journal of Ecological Engineering
JF - Journal of Ecological Engineering
IS - 6
ER -