Optimization of superstructure network in the CCS/CCSU system for CO₂ reduction from exhaust gas industry and gas field in Indonesia as archipelago state

Industrial exhaust gases and gas fields are two significant sources of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions that contribute to the rising levels of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Among the various emission reduction systems, the CCSU (Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization) system has garnered extensive attention and research. This research aims to obtain the superstructure network sequentially in the CCSU system using GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System). A mathematical approach was developed to optimize the amount of CO₂ stored and utilized by varying the time difference (dt) between the source and sink from 0 to 10 years. After calculating the economic potential (EP), it was found that the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) system for both sources has a negative impact. In contrast, the CCSU system enhances the economic potential (EP) by generating a positive value. This is possible as the captured CO2 can be sold to the utilization sink, thereby creating a revenue stream. The EP for CO₂ reduction from gas fields is greater than that from the industry, 21.68 × 10⁶ USD compared to 12.50 × 10⁶ USD at dt min10 years. The CCSU system, when utilizing CO₂ sources from gas fields, is more profitable compared to using industrial emissions.