Packaging development study for archipelagic sea transportation

Reliable multimodal transportation system is absolutely necessary to maintain connectivity in a large archipelagic country such as Indonesia. A good multimodal transportation system is needed to distribute basic needs from Java Island especially to other regions in the country. With the government program "Sea Toll", 20-ft containers are widely used to deliver basic needs. However, due to the limitations of existing infrastructure, container distribution cannot always reach the final destination (door to door service). Therefore, it is important to analyze the possibility of packaging development for multimodal transportation to enhance the efficiency of operational and cost aspects. In this respect a research has been conducted by considering the H-1 and T-5 route of Sea Toll program 2019, as well as the Pioneering ship R-33 route 2019 with the destination of Essang Port for study case. This research was conducted using a comparative method of operational and financial performance from 10 scenarios. These 10 scenarios are applied to the same route with different packaging alternatives. Where 1 packaging type is the existing packaging, 6 packaging types are from the previous research, and 3 packaging types are the new design. Results of this research suggest the combination of 20-ft container with packaging Design-1 is the best scenario. Compared to the 20-ft container only, combination of 20-ft container with packaging Design-1 can save 37.58% of logistics costs, 49.24% of repositioning costs and 19.35% of shipping time. However, for the opportunity cost, combination of 20-ft container with packaging Design-1 requires IDR 350,000 (USD 24.6) higher than the 20-ft container only.