TY - GEN
T1 - Performance Analysis of Leading Homomorphic Encryption Libraries
T2 - 2025 4th International Conference on Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Economy, CSAIDE 2025
AU - Pambudi, Doni Setio
AU - Studiawan, Hudan
AU - Pratomo, Baskoro Adi
AU - Purwitasari, Diana
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).
PY - 2025/7/1
Y1 - 2025/7/1
N2 - The rapid growth of digital technology has increased concerns about data security and has led to the development of encryption techniques. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables computations on encrypted data without decryption and preserves privacy. This study benchmarks SEAL, HElib, OpenFHE, and Lattigo, four popular HE libraries selected for their GitHub stars and active maintenance. The performance of these libraries is compared across BGV, BFV, and CKKS schemes. Results show HElib excels in addition and subtraction in the BGV scheme (0.021 ms), while SEAL is 200% faster overall (0.04 ms) per operation. OpenFHE performs well in BFV (0.055 ms), and SEAL is fastest in CKKS (0.031 ms) per operation. Lattigo is slower but competitive in BGV (0.059 ms). SEAL also demonstrates the lowest memory usage at approximately 15 MB. Finally, the findings provide insights into selecting the most suitable HE library based on specific application needs.
AB - The rapid growth of digital technology has increased concerns about data security and has led to the development of encryption techniques. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables computations on encrypted data without decryption and preserves privacy. This study benchmarks SEAL, HElib, OpenFHE, and Lattigo, four popular HE libraries selected for their GitHub stars and active maintenance. The performance of these libraries is compared across BGV, BFV, and CKKS schemes. Results show HElib excels in addition and subtraction in the BGV scheme (0.021 ms), while SEAL is 200% faster overall (0.04 ms) per operation. OpenFHE performs well in BFV (0.055 ms), and SEAL is fastest in CKKS (0.031 ms) per operation. Lattigo is slower but competitive in BGV (0.059 ms). SEAL also demonstrates the lowest memory usage at approximately 15 MB. Finally, the findings provide insights into selecting the most suitable HE library based on specific application needs.
KW - Benchmarking
KW - Cryptographic Libraries
KW - Homomorphic Encryption
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105012241429
U2 - 10.1145/3729706.3729711
DO - 10.1145/3729706.3729711
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:105012241429
T3 - Proceedings of 2025 4th International Conference on Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Economy, CSAIDE 2025
SP - 25
EP - 30
BT - Proceedings of 2025 4th International Conference on Cyber Security, Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Economy, CSAIDE 2025
PB - Association for Computing Machinery, Inc
Y2 - 7 March 2025 through 9 March 2025
ER -