Performances and emissions characteristics of three main types composition of gasoline-ethanol blended in spark ignition engines

Ethanol as an alternative fuel will become the prime feed of vehicles for replacing the fossil fuel in the future. It is due to the combustion of ethanol producing the lowest particulate and it could be renewed, respect to gasoline. Some properties of ethanol have several advantages when applied in engine spark ignition. It has high octane number, allowing to improve the compression ratio to minimize knocking and increasing torque and power as well. Furthermore, the high heat of vaporization reduces the peak of cylinder temperature so NOx radiation is overcast. Moreover, the oxygen content of ethanol helps to the stoichiometric combustion therefore CO and HC emissions are lower if compared to gasoline. This paper will explain the combustion characteristic of ethanol in spark ignition engine with port and direct injection system, even in carburettor system. The characteristic will describe when being run with three main composition of gasolineethanol blends; those are 0-20, 25-40 and 50-100% respectively. The result shows that ethanol will act as an octane booster when it is added in gasoline up to 20% (E20). The blends have some impact on improving engine performances and to reduce emissions without any adjustment on the engine. In concentration, 25 to 40% of ethanol needs to adjust a suitable compression ratio as an increasing of ethanol percentage. Finally, in high concentration setting simultaneously of CRs, ignition timing and excess air will be applied to produce high performances and low emissions.