TY - JOUR
T1 - Phase Equilibria of the Ag-Al-Au Ternary System and Interfacial Reactions in the Au-xAg/Al Couples at 450 °C
AU - Ramadhani, Mavindra
AU - Laksono, Andromeda Dwi
AU - Liang, Chien Lung
AU - Yang, Chiao Yi
AU - Chen, Kuo Jung
AU - Yen, Yee Wen
AU - Hsiao, Hsien Ming
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/11
Y1 - 2023/11
N2 - The phase equilibria of the Ag-Al-Au ternary system and the solid-state reaction couple for the Au-xAg/Al system were investigated isothermally at 450 °C. By investigating the Ag-Al-Au ternary system and its isothermal section, this study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the phase stability and interfacial reactions between different phases. This information is crucial for designing materials and processes in electronic packaging, with the potential to reduce costs and improve reliability. There were seven single-phase regions, thirteen two-phase regions, and six three-phase regions, with no ternary intermetallic compound (IMC) formed in the isothermal section of the Ag-Al-Au ternary system. When the Au-25 wt.% Ag/Al couple was aged at 450 °C for 240–1500 h, the AuAl2, Au2Al, and Au4Al phases formed at the interface. When the Ag contents increased to 50 and 75 wt.%, the Ag2Al, AuAl2, and Au4Al phases formed at the interface. When the aging time increased from 240 h to 1500 h, the total IMC thickness in all Au-xAg/Al couples became thicker, but the types of IMCs formed at the interface did not change. The total IMC thickness also increased with the increase in the Ag content. When the Ag content was greater than 25 wt.%, the Au2Al phase was converted into the Ag2Al phase. The IMC growth mechanism in all of the couples followed a reaction-controlled process.
AB - The phase equilibria of the Ag-Al-Au ternary system and the solid-state reaction couple for the Au-xAg/Al system were investigated isothermally at 450 °C. By investigating the Ag-Al-Au ternary system and its isothermal section, this study aims to provide a clearer understanding of the phase stability and interfacial reactions between different phases. This information is crucial for designing materials and processes in electronic packaging, with the potential to reduce costs and improve reliability. There were seven single-phase regions, thirteen two-phase regions, and six three-phase regions, with no ternary intermetallic compound (IMC) formed in the isothermal section of the Ag-Al-Au ternary system. When the Au-25 wt.% Ag/Al couple was aged at 450 °C for 240–1500 h, the AuAl2, Au2Al, and Au4Al phases formed at the interface. When the Ag contents increased to 50 and 75 wt.%, the Ag2Al, AuAl2, and Au4Al phases formed at the interface. When the aging time increased from 240 h to 1500 h, the total IMC thickness in all Au-xAg/Al couples became thicker, but the types of IMCs formed at the interface did not change. The total IMC thickness also increased with the increase in the Ag content. When the Ag content was greater than 25 wt.%, the Au2Al phase was converted into the Ag2Al phase. The IMC growth mechanism in all of the couples followed a reaction-controlled process.
KW - Ag-Al-Au ternary system
KW - Au-xAg/Al system
KW - intermetallic compound (IMC)
KW - isothermal section
KW - reaction controlled
KW - solid-state reaction couple
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85178319398&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/ma16227196
DO - 10.3390/ma16227196
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85178319398
SN - 1996-1944
VL - 16
JO - Materials
JF - Materials
IS - 22
M1 - 7196
ER -