Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Calophyllum inophyllum

The presence of mangrove forests has provided numerous benefits to specific animal species and humans. Calophyllum inophyllum is a type of associated mangrove plant commonly used as a biodiesel feedstock. However, the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds are beneficial to traditional medicine because they are rich in bioactive compounds. In addition to its potential benefits, C. inophyllum is also known for its ability to restore degraded land. It has significant potential as a resource in the energy, health, and environmental sectors. Therefore, the objective of this chapter was to discuss the characteristics, phytochemistry, separation, and purification methods, biological activities, and future perspective of C. inophyllum. It was found that the productivity of C. inophyllum seeds is very high, ranging from 40 to 150 kg/ha/year and approximately 20 t/ha/year. The high triglycerides content of C. inophyllum seed oil suggests its potential as an alternative raw material to cooking oil. Its leaves have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and they can be utilized in traditional medicine. Stems produce a resin that serves as a natural antiseptic, and roots are believed to aid in soil and environmental restoration. Various types of bioactive compounds have been identified from C. inophyllum. They have many benefits, such as antifilarial, antiviral, antiplatelet coagulation, larvicidal, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypotensive, enzyme inhibitor, and antidyslipidemic activity. In addition, enhanced conservation strategies are required to preserve this valuable species. Conservation and technological innovation are key to unlocking the broad benefits of C. inophyllum for global health and well-being.