Preemptive Hole Avoidance Technique for Wireless Sensor Network in Multiple Hole Scenario

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of sensor nodes with limited power capacity, primarily used for environmental monitoring. As such, WSN holes can occur when data transmission fails to reach the destination due to node failures in a particular area. This research aims to mitigate network holes in WSNs by measuring and identifying forbidden zones and utilizing this information to establish alternate routes, thereby enhancing the overall reliability of the network. By grouping living and dead nodes, forbidden zones are identified, representing the living nodes closest to the source of the dead node. These forbidden zones indicate areas where the message cannot pass through. Multiple layers of forbidden zones are formed to determine the proximity of nodes to the network hole, effectively preventing data packages from approaching these restricted areas. We enhance the network's reliability by preventing messages from being sent through network holes. We found that informing the network about the position of the network hole enables the formation of new routes toward the destination. The network's reliability can be increased by avoiding the forbidden areas, ensuring that data transmission reaches the intended destination. Improving network reliability would lower the risks of failure when transporting packages from source to destination, which is critical in a case like a natural disaster. It would also prevent a lot of casualties due to early detection in the network and people will be able to evacuate more quickly.