Removal of synthetic dyes from aqueous environment using metal-organic frameworks

The environment is substantially affected by the actions of the expanding human population. As a result of extensive environmental pollution and destruction, both human life and other kinds of life are at risk. Several studies have investigated the utilization of metal-organic framework (MOF) for environmental remediation, namely for adsorption in the liquid phase. Water causes the breakdown of MOF structures through ligand substitution and hydrolysis in the aqueous environment. Only a few MOFs exhibit long-term stability in aqueous environments. Hence, the capacity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to maintain their structural integrity in the presence of water is essential for their application in processes that involve water as a solvent or reactant. Adding hydrophobic functional groups to the organic ligands of MOFs can improve the water stability of MOFs. Additional techniques employed for MOF stabilization include ligand functionalization, composite synthesis, and metal cation exchange. MOFs and their composites are commonly used in the treatment of dye-containing wastewater through two distinct processes: adsorption and catalysis. This chapter primarily examines the process of creating MOFs, analyzing their structure, and making adjustments to enhance their ability to remove synthetic dyes efficiently.