Sentinel-5P Image and HYSPLIT Modeling for Analysis The Distribution of Sulfur Dioxide and The Impact on Acute Respiratory Infection in Surabaya City

Urbanization in Surabaya has led to increased air pollution from vehicle emissions and industrial activities, with significant impacts on public health and air quality. Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂) emissions are one of the factors contributing to the high incidence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI). Integration of Sentinel-5P with HYSPLIT modeling is needed to fill data gaps and enhance the accuracy, analysis and efficiency. Sentinel-5P SO2 for periods 2020-2023 were processed using the Google Earth Engine platform and HYSPLIT model was used to simulate the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The results indicate that SO₂ concentrations in Surabaya show fluctuations each year. However, ISPU in Surabaya City is in the good category between 2020-2023. Correlation between SO₂ and ARI shows a weak relationship between 0,091 and 0,2524. Spatial analysis shows a stronger relationship in each subdistrict with an R² value of 0.008 to 0,795. The simulation from HYSPLIT shows the particle trajectory and SO₂ concentration distribution, indicating a spread toward the north to northeast with a range up to 50 km and pollution sources near the surface, such as factories and textile industries. This research shows the spatial and temporal distribution of SO₂ and potential impacts on ARI. Therefore, this research is expected to be considered in the reformulation of air pollution control and prevention.