TY - JOUR
T1 - Solving the two echelon vehicle routing problem using simulated annealing algorithm considering drop box facilities and emission cost
T2 - A case study of reverse logistics application in Indonesia
AU - Reinaldi, Marco
AU - Redi, Anak Agung Ngurah Perwira
AU - Prakoso, Dio Fawwaz
AU - Widodo, Arrie Wicaksono
AU - Wibisono, Mochammad Rizal
AU - Supranartha, Agus
AU - Liperda, Rahmad Inca
AU - Nadlifatin, Reny
AU - Prasetyo, Yogi Tri
AU - Sakti, Sekar
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - A two echelon distribution system is often used to solve logistics problems. This study considers a two-echelon distribution system in reverse logistics context with the use of drop box facility as an intermediary facility. An optimization model of integer linear programming is proposed, representing a two-echelon vehicle routing problem with a drop box facility (2EVRP-DF). The aim is to find the minimum total costs consisting of vehicle transportation costs and the costs to compensate customers who have to travel to access these intermediary facilities. The results are then compared to those of common practice in reverse logistics. In common practice, customers are assumed to go directly to the depot to drop their goods. In addition, this study analyzes the environmental impact by adding a component of carbon emissions emitted by the vehicles. A set of comprehensive computational experiments is conducted. The results indicate that the 2EVRP-DF model can provide optimal costs and lower carbon emissions than the common practice.
AB - A two echelon distribution system is often used to solve logistics problems. This study considers a two-echelon distribution system in reverse logistics context with the use of drop box facility as an intermediary facility. An optimization model of integer linear programming is proposed, representing a two-echelon vehicle routing problem with a drop box facility (2EVRP-DF). The aim is to find the minimum total costs consisting of vehicle transportation costs and the costs to compensate customers who have to travel to access these intermediary facilities. The results are then compared to those of common practice in reverse logistics. In common practice, customers are assumed to go directly to the depot to drop their goods. In addition, this study analyzes the environmental impact by adding a component of carbon emissions emitted by the vehicles. A set of comprehensive computational experiments is conducted. The results indicate that the 2EVRP-DF model can provide optimal costs and lower carbon emissions than the common practice.
KW - Drop box facilities
KW - Integer linear programming
KW - Simulated annealing algorithm
KW - Vehicle routing problem
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85114198901&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/a14090259
DO - 10.3390/a14090259
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85114198901
SN - 1999-4893
VL - 14
JO - Algorithms
JF - Algorithms
IS - 9
M1 - 259
ER -