TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatio-temporal analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from Sentinel-5P imageries using Google Earth Engine changes during the COVID-19 social restriction policy in jakarta
AU - Faisal, Moh
AU - Jaelani, Lalu Muhamad
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - The number of cases due to COVID-19 is increasing, especially in Jakarta, requiring the government to establish a policy of social restrictions. The policy impacting the mobility of people using motor vehicles becomes limited, affecting air quality such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). NO2 concentrations can be determined using the Sentinel-5P satellite using Google Earth Engine. This study analyzed NO2 changes and people's mobility in residential and workplace categories through google mobility data in Jakarta spatially and temporally for January 2020 to December 2021. The Pearson's correlation (R) between NO2 from Sentinel-5P imageries and air quality monitoring stations was 0.426–0.736, indicating a moderate to strong correlation with a p-value <0.05. The decrease in NO2 occurred at the beginning of the Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) from April 2020 to May 2020 and the Implementation of Restrictions on Social Activities (PPKM) policy from July 2021 to August 2021; it was −11.381 μmol/m2 and -23.195 μmol/m2, with very low and low mobility in the residential and workplace categories. The area that experienced a change in NO2 increase of 1 μmol/m2, the highest occurred from May 2021 to June 2021 at 641.571 km2. Meanwhile, from November 2020 to December 2020, no area experienced an increase of 1 μmol/m2. We discovered that there were a number of anomalies when people's mobility in the residential and workplace category was very high, NO2 actually decreased. This anomaly shows that the decrease in NO2 is influenced by decreased mobility and other factors such as precipitation.
AB - The number of cases due to COVID-19 is increasing, especially in Jakarta, requiring the government to establish a policy of social restrictions. The policy impacting the mobility of people using motor vehicles becomes limited, affecting air quality such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). NO2 concentrations can be determined using the Sentinel-5P satellite using Google Earth Engine. This study analyzed NO2 changes and people's mobility in residential and workplace categories through google mobility data in Jakarta spatially and temporally for January 2020 to December 2021. The Pearson's correlation (R) between NO2 from Sentinel-5P imageries and air quality monitoring stations was 0.426–0.736, indicating a moderate to strong correlation with a p-value <0.05. The decrease in NO2 occurred at the beginning of the Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) from April 2020 to May 2020 and the Implementation of Restrictions on Social Activities (PPKM) policy from July 2021 to August 2021; it was −11.381 μmol/m2 and -23.195 μmol/m2, with very low and low mobility in the residential and workplace categories. The area that experienced a change in NO2 increase of 1 μmol/m2, the highest occurred from May 2021 to June 2021 at 641.571 km2. Meanwhile, from November 2020 to December 2020, no area experienced an increase of 1 μmol/m2. We discovered that there were a number of anomalies when people's mobility in the residential and workplace category was very high, NO2 actually decreased. This anomaly shows that the decrease in NO2 is influenced by decreased mobility and other factors such as precipitation.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Google earth engine
KW - Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
KW - Social restriction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85176897735&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.02.006
DO - 10.1016/j.nhres.2023.02.006
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85176897735
SN - 2666-5921
VL - 3
SP - 344
EP - 352
JO - Natural Hazards Research
JF - Natural Hazards Research
IS - 2
ER -