Stability Improvement of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems by Using Virtual Inertia Controller Based on Optimized FOPID with Harris Hawk Optimization

Virtual Inertia (VI) emulation becomes crucial to improve the stability of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES). VI emulation needs a proper VI Controller (VIC) to adapt in various working conditions. This paper proposes the stability improvement of HRES with VIC based on optimized Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-Derivative (FOPID) with Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO). The proposed method is implemented on HRES that consists of Photovoltaic Energy Systems (PVES), Wind Energy Systems (WES), Synchronous Generator Energy Systems (SGES), and Energy Storage Unit (ESU). Based on the statistical assessment and convergence curve analysis, HHO performance in finding the optimal parameters is 31.98% to 41.62% better than the other well-known algorithms. Besides that, the VIC-FOPID-HHO gives the best stability improvement compared to basic PID and the other algorithms. In uncertain behavior of RES scenarios, the improvement by VIC-FOPID-HHO is indicated by frequency nadir reduction up 89.44%, overshoot reduction up to 98.45%, and better settling time up to 61.48%. In multi-level load shedding scenarios, the improvement by VIC-FOPID-HHO is indicated by frequency nadir reduction up 93.67%, overshoot reduction of up to 97.4%, and better settling time of up to 49.94%.