TY - JOUR
T1 - Statistically optimum HKUST-1 synthesized by room temperature coordination modulation method for the adsorption of crystal violet dye
AU - Wijaya, Christian J.
AU - Ismadji, Suryadi
AU - Aparamarta, Hakun W.
AU - Gunawan, Setiyo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Due to its excellency and versatility, many synthesis methods and conditions were developed to produce HKUST-1 ([Cu3 (BTC)2 (H2O)3 ]n). However, the diversity of HKUST-1 was actually generated both in terms of characteristics and morphologies. Hence, the consistency of HKUST-1 characteristics and morphologies needs to be maintained. The statistical analysis and optimization provide features to determine the best synthesis condition. Here, a room-temperature coordination modulation method was proposed to maintain the morphology of HKUST-1 while reducing energy consumption. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to demonstrate the statistical analysis and optimization of the synthesis of HKUST-1. The molar ratio of ligand to metal, reaction time, and acetic acid concentration were studied to determine their effects on HKUST-1. The optimum HKUST-1 was obtained by the synthesis with a molar ratio of ligand to metal of 0.4703 for 27.2 h using 5% v/v acetic acid concentration. The statistical analysis performed a good agreement with the experimental data and showed the significance of three desired parameters on HKUST-1. The optimum HKUST-1 had the adsorption capacity of 1005.22 mg/g with a removal efficiency of 92.31% towards CV dye. It could be reused up to 5 cycles with insignificant decrease in performance.
AB - Due to its excellency and versatility, many synthesis methods and conditions were developed to produce HKUST-1 ([Cu3 (BTC)2 (H2O)3 ]n). However, the diversity of HKUST-1 was actually generated both in terms of characteristics and morphologies. Hence, the consistency of HKUST-1 characteristics and morphologies needs to be maintained. The statistical analysis and optimization provide features to determine the best synthesis condition. Here, a room-temperature coordination modulation method was proposed to maintain the morphology of HKUST-1 while reducing energy consumption. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to demonstrate the statistical analysis and optimization of the synthesis of HKUST-1. The molar ratio of ligand to metal, reaction time, and acetic acid concentration were studied to determine their effects on HKUST-1. The optimum HKUST-1 was obtained by the synthesis with a molar ratio of ligand to metal of 0.4703 for 27.2 h using 5% v/v acetic acid concentration. The statistical analysis performed a good agreement with the experimental data and showed the significance of three desired parameters on HKUST-1. The optimum HKUST-1 had the adsorption capacity of 1005.22 mg/g with a removal efficiency of 92.31% towards CV dye. It could be reused up to 5 cycles with insignificant decrease in performance.
KW - Coordination modulation synthesis
KW - Dye adsorption
KW - HKUST-1
KW - Healthy
KW - Metal-organic frameworks
KW - Optimization
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117891539&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules26216430
DO - 10.3390/molecules26216430
M3 - Article
C2 - 34770838
AN - SCOPUS:85117891539
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 26
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 21
M1 - 6430
ER -
